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Background: Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), which includes Crohn's Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC), is characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract and a relapsing-remitting disease course. Understanding the risk factors for relapse can help in tailoring management strategies for patients.Methods: This prospective longitudinal study involved 500 patients with IBD, split equally between CD and UC, who were in remission at study onset. Over two years, data on genetic markers, environmental and lifestyle factors, microbiome composition, medication adherence, and psychological stress were collected and analyzed to identify their association with disease relapse. Results: Significant predictors of relapse included the presence of the NOD2/CARD15 genetic marker in CD (28% presence, p < 0.001), smoking (OR 2.9, p < 0.001), high-fat diet (OR 2.3, p < 0.001), alterations in microbiome composition (p < 0.001), low medication adherence (HR 3.1, p < 0.001), and high psychological stress (HR 2.7, p < 0.001). These factors were independently and cumulatively significant in multivariable analyses. Conclusion: The study highlights the complex interplay of genetic, environmental, microbial, and psychosocial factors in the relapse of IBD. Addressing these factors through targeted interventions could substantially reduce the burden of disease relapses.

Background: Microvascular complications are a major concern for patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). The impact of glycemic control on these complications remains a pivotal area of research.Methods: This prospective cohort study enrolled 1200 patients with T2DM,assessing the effects of glycemic control on the incidence and progression of nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy over five years. Glycemic control was monitored by quarterly measurements of HbA1c.Results: Improved glycemic control was associated with a decrease in the development of microvascular complications.Specifically, the incidence of nephropathy and neuropathy decreased significantly with better control of HbA1c (OR = 0.85, p=0.01 and OR = 0.75, p<0.001, respectively). The study also noted a 20% decrease in the risk of retinopathy (OR = 0.80, p=0.002). These associations held true across various age groups, with more pronounced benefits in patients over 50 years. Conclusion: Effective management of blood glucose levels is crucial for preventing microvascular complications in T2DM. The findings advocate for individualized treatment plans to achieve optimal glycemic control, thereby enhancing outcomes and reducing complications.

The varicella zoster virus, which causes Varicella (chickenpox), is a widespread, self-limiting viral infection (VZV). The effects of chickenpox are generally mild in children between the ages of 2 and 8 years, but they can be very serious in adults.

The new azo dye (A1), that named (2S,5R,6R)-6-((R)-2-((3-carboxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)diazenyl)-2-phenylacetamido)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid was prepared. And then characterized using m.p., IR, UV-visible and elemental analysis CHN. Analytical studies of (A1) were showed that the best solubility was in methanol, without straying from the linear connection, owing to suggest The major factor controlling the shift in absorption beaks is the influence of the dielectric constant. However, the pH effect of (A1) in a range of buffer solution was revealed that the appropriate pH values were discovered to be in the pH12 range, and that three isopiestic points were achieved We determined the ionization (pKa) and protonation (pKp) constants. due to designate the ionization strategy in acidic and basic media. The synthetic azo dye remained harmless, nontoxic and do not has any heamolysis effect in the human blood cells. Therefore, the biological activity of (A1) against different bacteria, (Staphylococcus Aureus, Escherichia Coli, Bacillus Cereus and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa) and two different fungi (Aspergillus Albicans and Candida Albicans) were studied. The results were indicated that the dye can affect the fungi more than bacteria. Owing to recommend the new azo dye as novel drug or chemical sanitizer for these microorganisms.

Abstract: For a good number of years, physician have learnt about the contraindication of diazepam and perhaps benzodiazepines at large in the management of neonatal seizures. However, very few scientific publications give account about underlying patho physiological and pharmacological insights of mechanism involved. As a result, a non or poorly understood categorization of neonatal anticonvulsants is sometimes observed in daily clinical pediatric practice in some settings, with each physician going by his own way of managing seizures in neonates. This with more or less success and consequent adverse effects. This review is intended to contribute to a better understanding of phenomena implicated in the unsuitable use of diazepam beyond other benzodiazepines in the management of neonatal seizures.

Abstract: Cloacal exstrophy in its most complex form with OEIS syndrome is characterized by the existence of an Omphalocele, Exstrophied bladder, Imperforate anus and Spina bifida. We report a particular case of Cloacal exstrophy with OEIS complex and further birth defects. The diagnostic andtherapeutic approaches, as well as difficulties encountered in a limited resource setting are highlighted. This was a 1-day old neonate referred for the management of multiple congenital malformations, including antenatal diagnosis of malformative uropathy. On admission, the clinical findings included: a type 1 omphalocele, an anorectal malformation with a recto-urinary fistula and a covered lumbosacral dysraphism. Paraclinical examinations with cardiac and transfontanelle ultrasound revealed associated cardiac anomaly and findings in favor of lombo-sacral dysraphism. Supportive care was given and surgical reconstruction of birth defects on day 20 was done. In conclusion, cloacal exstrophy is a rare morbid congenital polymalformative syndrome in neonates, especially when presenting with OEIS complex or syndrome. They require prompt diagnosis and immediate postnatal multidisciplinary management, with long-term follow-up for a favorable outcome.

Abstract: Garlic contains more than 200 chemicals. It contains sulfur compounds (allicin, alliin and agoene), volatile oils, enzymes (allinase, peroxidase and miracynase), carbohydrates (sucrose and glucose), and minerals (selenium). It also contains amino acids (cysteine, glutamine, isoleucine and methionine), which help to protect cells from the harms of free radicals, bioflavonoids (quercetin and cyanidin, allistatin I and allistatin II and vitamins C, E and A), which help to protect us from oxidation agents and free radicals. Results indicated that treatment withgarlic caused significant (P<0.05) increase in body weight (BW) and relative weight of, brine, testes,testosterone, T3 and T4. While, decrease the levels of FSH, LH, estradiol and progesterone in plasma compared to control animals.

Abstract: The study was undertaken to assess the level of radiation on yam and cassava in two selected council wards in Kwande Local Government Area of Benue State-Nigeria. A total of twenty (20) samples for both yam and cassava were selected from each settlement in the two selected council ward in the local government area. The samples were examined for radiation level using Radiation Alert meter. The radiation level ranges from 0.039 to 0.018μSv/hr for yam samples. The annual dose estimated for yam intake in the two selected council wards were above the recommended limit of 1.00 μSv/hr by USNRC in some sample locations (AD1, AD5, AG3 AG4 and AG5) and below, in other locations (AD2, AD3, AD4, AG1 and AG2) whereas, radiation and dose level on cassava at the sample locations ranges from 0.017 to 0.199 μSv/hr. The annual dose estimated for cassava intake was below the recommended limit of 1.00(mSv/hr) USNRC in all the sample locations except in AD1 which was above the recommended limit.

Abstract: Introduction: The connection between ingestion of refined starches, particularly sugars, and the prevalence of dental caries is very well documented in the writing. So, the present study was carried out with an aim to determine if there is an association between body mass index (BMI)-for-age and dental caries in children and to find out the role of diet with respect to BMI-for-age and dental caries.

Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted on 1000 school going children of 12- and 15-years age group. A cluster random sampling method was used to obtain the desired sample. Intra examiner reliability was observed using kappa statistics. Clinical examination was conducted in the school premises after obtaining informed consent from parent and permission of school authority. WHO 1997 proforma was used for recording dental caries. Body Mass Index was calculated The obtained data Was  analyzed using SPSS version 22.0 using Pearson correlation and linear regression test was used keeping p<0.05

Result: A negative correlation was obtained between Dental Caries and Body Mass Index of 12- and 15-year-old school going children.

Conclusion: The assumption that “overweight/obesity correlates with more caries” cannot be statistically proven. This study showed higher percentage of children was in the underweight category of BMI. Further, higher percentage of underweight children was in government schools as compared to private schools. Correlation analysis showed BMI had a negative correlation with DMFT. Many of the children can have a poor health status due to lack of knowledge about general and oral health. Continuous education and motivation of parents and children can help to some extent to improve their health status.