Aim: To compare the efficacy of intravenous magnesium sulphate and intravenous esmolol in attenuating hemodynamic responses during tracheal extubation in patients undergoing elective surgeries under general anaesthesia. Materials and Methods: This prospective, randomized comparative study was conducted on 120 patients aged 18–60 years, classified as ASA physical status I and II, undergoing elective surgeries under general anaesthesia. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups of 60 each. Group M received intravenous magnesium sulphate, while Group E received intravenous esmolol prior to extubation. Hemodynamic parameters including heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure were recorded at baseline, at extubation, and at 1, 3, and 5 minutes post-extubation. Data were statistically analyzed, and a p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Baseline demographic variables and hemodynamic parameters were comparable between the two groups. Both magnesium sulphate and esmolol attenuated the hemodynamic responses associated with tracheal extubation. However, patients in the magnesium sulphate group demonstrated significantly lower heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure at extubation and during the immediate post-extubation period compared to the esmolol group (p < 0.05). Adverse effects were minimal in both groups, with bradycardia occurring more frequently in the esmolol group.