Research Ethics

Research involving human participants, patient information, identifiable personal data, or animals must comply with applicable ethical requirements.

Human Research

Where applicable, authors should provide information regarding approval by an appropriate ethics committee or institutional review board.

Informed consent should be obtained where required by applicable ethical standards.

Authors must protect patient confidentiality and should not publish identifying information without appropriate consent.

Research involving animals should follow applicable institutional, national, and international standards for animal care and use.

The journal may request additional documentation relating to ethical approval where necessary.