Morphological and Topographical Characteristics of Clavicular Nutrient Foramina: Comparative Anatomical Perspective

Abstract

Background: Nutrient foramina of the clavicle show variation in number, position, and direction. Comparative assessment of these features can help place regional anatomical observations within the wider literature. This manuscript provides a detailed comparative perspective using the observations reported in the supplied study. Methods: The source study examined 100 dried clavicles and recorded nutrient foramen number, surface, longitudinal location, direction, and morphometric position. The present related manuscript summarizes those findings and compares them with the studies cited by the source. Results: One foramen was reported in 70%, two in 24%, and three in 6%. Posterior, inferior, and superior surface distributions were 55.88%, 41.17%, and 2.94%, respectively. Medial, middle, and lateral third distributions were 10.29%, 70.58%, and 19.11%. Mean distance from the sternal end was 69.63 mm and foramen index was 52.25. Conclusion: Comparative evidence shows a broadly recurring middle-third concentration and acromial direction, while surface distribution varies among studies. The present data contribute to the anatomical literature on clavicular nutrient foramina.